Preliminary investigation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fundamental examination report - Essay Example The organization's objective markets incorporate nearby customers too customers from outside nations. The organization's crucial to have the option to offer inventive, electronic programming items for land and water asset chiefs requiring effective data access for operational, strategic and key arranging. In increasingly explicit terms, the organization's drawn out goals incorporate t he following focuses. Inside 5 years, the organization's would like to gain $10 million in net incomes, have a yearly benefit of 30% after assessment, increment woods industry piece of the pie by 15% every year in BC and Western US, enter one new vertical market for each year, have the option to keep up the development pace of in the vertical market by including one anticipate or customer a yearly premise, and break into the global market by catching at least worldwide activities every year in Asia. A few concerns and openings were referenced. The first is to build up the organization as a commonly recognized name with regards to land the executives programming. The organization likewise wants to set up itself as a major brand name in giving consultancy administrations, preparing, and customization in the said field. So as to set up itself as a market head in the neighborhood scen... So as to build up itself as a market chief in the neighborhood scene, one ought to have a ton of clients. To round up more deals, the organization ought to be obvious to potential customers locally just as abroad. In light of this end, the organization is enthusiastic about setting up their own site. This will serve not just as a data place to present and possible customers however will get more deals what without breaking a sweat of profiting items on the web and inside the solaces of one's home. The organization, being worldwide in scale has as of late felt that the market is too enormous to even consider maintaining solid associations with every likely purchaser. The organization has been accustomed to using standard mail to draw in new customers. In any case, this strategy doesn't guarantee that the handouts and notice material are arriving at the chiefs of the objective organizations. The present ad arrangement utilizes mail-outs to uncommon gatherings which have been chosen dependent on predefined rules. These are conveyed each 2-3 months. Rather than doing this, emphasis on the key people for such organizations, send them messages and discover how they will have the option to utilize the product, and if conceivable, set up introduction gatherings over lunch or supper. Thusly, with a reasonable void to fill, the objective is progressively engaged and a technique to introduce the item in the most ideal manner conceivable to the potential client can be defined. Additionally, emergency courses of action can be arrangement in the event that the customer dismisses the principal approach. In addition, if the correspondences would demonstrate that the possibility is an impasse, it ought to impart the sign that it's an ideal opportunity to proceed onward to different possibilities, in this way sparing time. To decide the substance for a site, the analyst ought to be acquainted with the tasks of the organization. Prior to the meeting meetings, the

Ophthalamic Disorders Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ophthalamic Disorders Case Study - Essay Example Mr. Partner is experiencing an eye feed which is a turmoil of the optic nerve. An eye stroke is likewise alluded to as (AION) Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (Kumar, 2008). The eye is encircled by various tissues, veins and veins that have an obligation to help in the flow of blood starting with one eye point then onto the next. If the progression of blood to the optic nerve is altered, the eye experiences a stroke. This is a dire assault that isn't handily seen and forms into a completely blown condition in a matter of seconds. This is on the grounds that the optic nerve experiences absence of oxygen and blood. This demonstrates the blood stream to the eye is decreased or shut absolutely chocking out the gracefully to the optic nerve. This genuinely hampers the general execution of the nerve (Hattenhauer, 1997).Once the optic nerve experiences the chocked or decreased blood gracefully, it swells. The expanding is appallingly difficult to see if tests are not directed as the growi ng doesn't turn into a saw wonders right away. The optic nerve doesn't get blood in the right sum and the right weights. This influences the ordinary limit of the eye hence bringing about shadows and floaters when seeing. Sooner or later, the eye is essentially influenced and experiences all out vision misfortune (Kumar, 2008).The specialist can present Mr. Partner to Corticosteroids which will have the errand of improving blood course in the optic nerve. They will likewise guarantee that the expanding experienced decreases with time.

Startup quotes Reid Hoffman from LinkedIn

Startup quotes Reid Hoffman from LinkedIn Reid Hoffman, born on August 5th in 1967, is a famous entrepreneur founded business network platform LinkedIn.Reid is one of the most knowledgeable (Paypal, Linkedin, Greylock Partners) and well-connect entrepreneurs in the Silicon Valley.Startup quotes from Reid Hoffman#1: AN ENTREPRENEUR IS SOMEONE WHO JUMPS OFF A CLIFF AND BUILDS A PLANE ON THE WAY DOWN#2: IF YOU ARE NOT EMBARRASSED BY YOUR FIRST PRODUCT, THEN YOU’VE LAUNCHED TOO LATE.#3: IN REAL ESTATE THE WISDOM SAYS „LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION.“ IN CONSUMER INTERNET, THINK „DISTRIBUTION, DISTRIBUTION, DISTRIBUTION.”#4: EVERY INTERNET ENTREPRENEUR SHOULD ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS: HOW DO WE GET TO ONE MILLION USERS? THEN HOW DO WE GET TO 10 MILLION USERS? THEN HOW WILL YOU GET DEEP ENGAGEMENT BY YOUR USERS.#5: EVERYONE IS NOW AN ENTREPRENEUR, WHETHER THEY RECOGNISE IT OR NOT.#6: ONE THING I LEARNED IN 97, WHEN I THOUGHT THE RIGHT TIME TO FOUND A COMPANY WAS DURING A SWING-UP, IS THAT IT‘S MUCH BETTER TO START DURING A N ECONOMIC DOWNTURN. PARTNERSHIPS ARE EASIER; HIRING IS EASIER; AND THE COMPETITION STARTS LATER.

Psychology/clockwork Orange Essay - 677 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Clockwork Orange is a film about a wild and troubled young lad Alex. Alex and his friends (droogs) get a high from inflicting harm upon others. They commit random acts of robbery and rape around London. Alex, as the ringleader, eventually gets caught and is sent to prison. It is in prison that scientists study Alex’s violent behavior. Scientists believed that through special training or a program that his evil ways could be fixed. Alex was subjected to a conditioning program that would create an unpleasant physical reaction to just the thought of doing harm to another person. Skinner’s theories on behaviorism are introduced in these scenes where the doctors are trying to â€Å"cure† Alex. As part of the†¦show more content†¦When the violence and music are together that is when Alex cries he is being cured of his violent tendencies. Classical conditioning is what made Alex feel ill whenever he watched the violent video clips. Another example of classic conditioning is when Pavlov had studied dogs that salivate when they taste food. He called the food the unconditioned stimulus and the salivation the unconditioned response. This was unconditioned because salivating was a natural response to the food. Pavlov then rang a bell before the food was presented to the dog. Eventually the dog associated the sound of a bell with food. The bell is a conditioned stimulus and the salivation the conditioned response. Alex had a similar experience to that of the dogs. The injections he received was an unconditioned stimulus and the sickness was an unconditioned response to the injections. Since the scientists made him watch â€Å"ultra-violent† videos while being injected, he began to associate what he saw with what he felt. The ultra-violence became the conditioned stimulus, and Alex’s sickness without the inject ion became the conditioned response. Skinner however, believes most behavior differs from the classical form of conditioning, he believes in what is called operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning because it involves actual behavior. Instead of reflex responses, operant conditioning rewards or punishes a person for actuallyShow MoreRelatedA Clockwork Orange1450 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange is a dystopian novel set in an oppressive, futuristic state. Published in 1962, A Clockwork Orange is an extremely intense, graphic, and, at times, horrifying novel. A reader begins to question their own values as they become numb and desensitized to the violence at hand. Both behaviorism and free will is occurring throughout A Clockwork Orange. A Clockwork Orange brings up a question, how much control of our own free will do we actually have? Do we reallyRead MoreTriumph of Free Will in Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange Essay2638 Words   |  11 PagesTriu mph of Free Will in A Clockwork Orange  Ã‚     Ã‚   Amidst a population composed of perfectly conditioned automatons, is a picture of a society that is slowly rotting from within. Alex, the Faustian protagonist of A Clockwork Orange, and a sadistic and depraved gang leader, preys on the weak and the innocent. Although perhaps misguided, his conscientiousness of his evil nature indicates his capacity to understand morality and deny its practice. When society attempts to force goodness upon AlexRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Clockwork Orange791 Words   |  4 Pages A Clockwork Orange is a modern science fiction classic that should not be missed. Anthony Burgess describes a very dark and disturbing near future that is scary mostly because it seems so possible. Young thugs and gangs run amok leaving a wake of violence. The only thing more terrifying is the State and their way of dealing with criminals. A Clockwork Orange is told from the first person viewpoint of a young teenage thug named Alex. This viewpoint along with the futuristic street languageRead MoreDystopian Novels : A Dystopian Novel1943 Words   |  8 Pagesthings that go in on in a ‘’normal’’ society. As a reader and writer, you must be able to identify elements of this type of reading to be able to identify themes associated with the writing. It is not always easy to identify. Fortunately, A Clockwork Orange is centered on a cure for mental illness and behavioral modification. These are two ideas that can easily be identified. We find great entertainment with examining what may come of our future. Therefore, these types of readings are importantRead MoreEssay on The Need for Brutality in A Clockwork Orange 4668 Words   |  19 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Burgess A Clockwork Orange, a critically acclaimed masterstroke on the horrors of conditioning, is unfairly attacked for apparently gratuitous violence while it merely uses brutality, as well as linguistics and a contentious dà ©nouement, as a vehicle for deeper themes. Although attacks on A Clockwork Orange are often unwarranted, it is fatuous to defend the novel as nonviolent; in lurid content, its opening chapters are trumped only by wanton killfests like Natural Born Killers. BurgessRead More A Developmental Study Of Alex In Kubricks A Clockwork Orange2066 Words   |  9 Pages A Developmental Study of Alex in Kubricks A Clockwork Orange Synopsis of A Clockwork Orange nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In A Clockwork Orange, the main character is that of a mildly young child of 15 who, along with his fellow friends, or quot;Droogsquot;, partake in evenings of Ultra-Violence. Ultra Violence consists of random beatings, theft, destruction, and rape. The main character, Alex, is the self-proclaimed leader of the pack, and makes judgment on their actions pending on his moodRead MoreThe development of the novel in the 20th century1416 Words   |  6 PagesParadoxically, its first recurrent theme was the return to the past, to the primitive, which took the form of the return to the myth of the ancient world and non-European societies. Another recurrent theme was the human mind. The recent development of psychology provided explanations to somehow understand human consciousness and the irrationality of human beings. The most immediate evidence of psychologys influence is the-stream-of-consciousness-technique in literature, introduced by Henry James brotherRead MoreAn Investigation Of The Psychopath1417 Words   |  6 Pageslack of remorse is prevalent in the psychopath, as opposed to the lack of empathy that a sociopath is defined by (Lerner Lerner, 2006). Some of the most infamous characters in popular media and literature are sociopaths. Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange follows the story of a teenage boy named Alex. In his free time, Alex enjoys raping, breaking into houses, and beating up other people. He feels no empathy for these other people, no remorse for what he does, and thinks very highly of himselfRead MoreEssay about Science and Realism933 Words   |  4 Pagesmost of these ideas range from simply being wrong to flat out impossible. When I say science I am referring to the sciences that are of a physical nature such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Psychology is also a science, but one of a mental nature. The few books that we had that dealt mainly with psychology will not be dealt with in this paper. The first book from the semester was Mary Shelly s Frankenstein. In the story, Victor Frankenstein builds a body over the course of two months from bodyRead More Caregivers Behavior Contributes to Offspring Behavior1143 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of childhood psychopathology (Lewis, Feiring, McGuffog, and Jaskin, 1984). The connection between avoidant attachment and antisocial or disruptive behavior has most frequently been reported. In relation to Anthony Burgesss A Clockwork Orange the main character and (reliable) narrator, Alex, is the leader in a circle of massive violence and destruction and rape crimes. From the novel we can summarize that Alexs parents were unreliable and inconsistent caregivers. Their lack of influence

Themes in Education - 7729 Words

THEMES IN EDUCATION ACTION RESEARCH by Eileen Ferrance Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory At Brown University a program of The Education Alliance ACTION RESEARCH by Eileen Ferrance Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory At Brown University The LAB, a program of The Education Alliance at Brown University, is one of ten educational laboratories funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Our goals are to improve teaching and learning, advance school improvement, build capacity for reform, and develop strategic alliances with key members of the region’s education and policy making community. The LAB develops educational products and†¦show more content†¦Rather than dealing with the theoretical, action research allows practitioners to address those concerns that are closest to them, ones over which they can exhibit some influence and make change. Practitioners are responsible for making more and more decisions in the operations of schools, and they are being held publicly accountable for student achievement results. The process of action research assists educators in assessing needs, documenting the steps of inquiry, analyzing data, and making informe d decisions that can lead to desired outcomes. This booklet discusses several types of action research, its history, and a process that may be used to engage educators in action research. Two stories from the field, written by teachers about their own reflections on the process, are given as illustrations of action research. Action Research What is Action Research? Action research is a process in which participants examine their own educational practice systematically and carefully, using the techniques of research. It is based on the following assumptions: †¢ Teachers and principals work best on problems they have identified for themselves †¢ Teachers and principals become more effective when encouragedShow MoreRelatedCommon Themes Of Inclusive Education Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Discussion Findings The reviewed literature revealed several common themes regarding inclusive education. The first common theme is teacher attitudes toward inclusion. Almost all of the studies revealed that negative perspectives about inclusive education make schools that try to implement inclusive classrooms likely candidates for failure. One of the primary influencing factors of teachers’ negative perceptions is that of the teachers’ lack of confidence in their ability to teach specialRead MoreThemes Of Education In Waiting For Superman1523 Words   |  7 Pagesemotions attached with the desire for a child to receive the best education that can be offered. Dramatic change and the best education able to be offered are widely associated with charter schools throughout the film. Statistics and comparisons further aid the viewer to conceptualize the importance of charter schools and their beneficial impact on a child’s education. Metaphors are also relied on to emphasize the abi lity education has to produce a life of success or failure. Waiting for SupermanRead MoreA Discussion Of Different Themes Within Education1513 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this assessment there is a discussion of two different themes within education. The two themes include; the analysis and discussion of; back to basics cultural restoration; and subject based/ topic based curriculum - the control of curriculum organisation. These themes are analysed by comparing and contrasting one another linking to many aspects within education including: teacher morale, educational theorists and influences such as: Social, cultural and political. Maria MontessoriRead MoreTheme Of Education In Heidi By Johanna Spyri1571 Words   |  7 PagesEducation is a key theme in Johanna Spyri’s ‘Heidi’, which is clearly presented through the publication titles of the story: ‘Heidi: her years of wandering and learning’ and ‘Heidi: how she used what she learnedâ⠂¬â„¢. Here, the education Heidi undergoes in the house is informal, which is classified as: Learnings from incidents, radio, television, films, elders, peers, and parents get classified as informal education. Informal learning helps little ones to grow and adapt to the ways and traditions ofRead More Hard Times - The Theme of Education Essay2699 Words   |  11 PagesHard Times - The Theme of Education In this piece I intend to explain how Dickens is trying to represent education in the Victorian era and how he feels about the style of teaching that is widely used during his times. I also intend to make references to how the representation of Victorian schools by Dickens compares, historically to the actual conditions in a school from the Victorian era. As soon as the book begins we are introduced to a style of teaching that is dependent only onRead Moreâ€Å"Theme of Education in Charlotte Brontes ‘Jane Eyre’†2148 Words   |  9 Pagesher search for an identity starts here and has a great impact on her. Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Janes life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Brontes own life. Janes time at Lowood corresponds to Charlottes education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824Read Moreâ€Å"Theme of Education in Charlotte Brontes ‘Jane Eyre’†2163 Words   |  9 Pagesher search for an identity starts here and has a great impact on her. Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Janes life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Brontes own life. Janes time at Lowood corresponds to Charlottes education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824Read MoreHow Does Orwell Explore the Theme of Education in Animal Farm?1413 Words   |  6 PagesOrwell Explore The Theme Of Education In Animal Farm? ‘All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others’. George Orwell writes this toward the end of his highly acclaimed allegory, Animal Farm. From this single statement we can tell quite a bit about Orwell’s views on education which he puts across strongly throughout the novel. A message I see that this statement portrays is that everyone has the right to an education but some people were getting a better education than others at theRead MoreThree Learning Themes Relevant to My Concept of Education Essay examples1939 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay I intend to discuss three learning themes that I consider relevant to my concept of education. The themes which I have chosen to discuss in this paper are; working in small groups, working independently and working with the gifted and or talented. The first two themes represent the two types of environment which I consider individuals are required to operate within during the course of life. The third I have chosen for the reason that I have previously written on individuals with learningRead More Effects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyces The Portrait of the Artist as a3465 Words   |  14 PagesEffects of Religious Education on Theme and Style of James Joyces The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Although Joyce rejected Catholic beliefs, the influence of his early training and education is pervasive in his work. The parallels between Biblical text and The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are abundant. As Cranly says to Stephen, It is a curious thing, do you know, how your mind is supersaturated with the religion in which you say you disbelieve (232). The novel progresses

Co -Education Free Essays

Co –education is considered to be best system of education- The most important parameter of countries progress is education . so, it is not whether the school is all of girls or the school is all of all boys the school, so it should be the guiding forces where the schools are built to impart knowledge to the children. Gone are the days when the girls were not allowed to go out by themselves and talking to boys was considered to be orthodox. We will write a custom essay sample on Co -Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today can you imagine a workplace without a women . ell times have changed girls today are keeping pace with men and they have to be groomed to face competition amp; challenges in their carrier. Ones this is there any point of segregating the girls and the boys and sending them to different school . co-education provides the right base for child’s education ,beside attaining college and understanding and respect for opposite sex it is also important . it lays foundation for a balanced individual . Co-education helps the boys and girls to intermingle and understand each other well. They become more broad-minded and tolerant towards the opposite gender. They interact freely with one another, thereby overcoming hesitation and shyness. Thus, co-education leads to a healthy and harmonious relationship between boys and girls. Co-education moves out discrimination against boys and girls. Co-education also gives equality to both the sex. In fact boys become more conscious about their habits and behaviour attitude and dressing sense. This not only disciplines the boys but also girls. This also helps in their future life. How to cite Co -Education, Papers

R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report Essay Example

R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report Essay Preface: Due to space constraints I will be focusing on the actions taken by and taken against BILAL Skaf solely as opposed to his brother MOHAMMED Skaf. In addition, I will be concentrating on the events which the charges were given rise to on 12 August 2000 and as opposed to 2 separate cases rape cases which Bilal Skaf was also a belligerent for the month of August 2000. I will also be mentioning the recent appeal case in 2008 which reduced the sentences given for the crimes in 2006. R v Bilal SKAF Legal citation of the case: Regina v Bilal Skaf; Regina v Mohammed Skaf [2006] NSWSC 394, 28 July 2006 AND amendment to this decision with the appeal: R v Skaf Skaf [2008] NSWCCA 303, 17 December 2008 Outline the elements of the offence In terms of Actus Reus of committing the guilty and physical act of the crime, Bilal Skaf has been charged with aggravated sexual assault without consent and aggravated sexual intercourse without consent. For the first offence the outline of the occurrence of events are as follows: On August 12, 2000 a 16-year-old girl accepted an offer from Mohammed Skaf to be driven to the city and picked up from her home, Mohammed Skaf had known the complainant for some time, although he had never told her his correct name: she knew him as ‘Sam’. She was then taken to Greenacres Gosling Park where in which Bilal Skaf was the principal assailant in the attack. We will write a custom essay sample on R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on R V Bilal Skaf, Legal Studies Research Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He dragged the girl out of the car with the help of several men as she cried and screamed; he then proceeded to have sexual intercourse with her whilst she was being held down. After Bilal Skaf had finished this act, he allowed and encouraged another man who wished to engage with the woman and the man proceeded to have sexual intercourse with the female. This constitutes the second offence charged against Bilal Skaf as being there as an aider and abettor. The first offence  attracted a lengthier sentence than the second offence, in which his liability was accessorial rather than as a principal offender. However the second offence was also a very serious one, remembering that Bilal Skaf was the leader of the group. Additionally there are a number of aggravating factors to be taken into account in relation to Bilal  Skaf  under s21A of the  Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act. The factors nclude that the offences involved both the actual and threatened use of violence; that they involved a series of criminal acts, and that they were part of a planned or organised criminal active, but perhaps most significantly is the emotional harm caused by the offence which was substantial, in the words of Matthews, AJ â€Å"given the terrifying and degrading behaviour of her assailants that night, the complainant’s life has since been adversely affected in almost every respect. Describe the factors that might have led to the criminal be haviour Bilal Skaf grew up in an underclass area led to a lack of motivation which resulted in a lack of education. Bilal Skaf grew up as the ‘man’ of the family due to his position as the first born son the family and his father being absent from home. This is important to note as Skaf was likely to avoid discipline when he ‘tests the limits’ which shapes his attitude to school where he flaunts the rules to an extent. He was then expelled from his high school at the mere age of 14 years old, with a lack of school certificate consequently leading him to have a lack of any real career prospects and resulting in Skaf starting to acquire a criminal record and disregard for the law at a very young age. With a lack of a job, Skaf turned to the streets and there he sees he needs to attain respect from his peers, and to gain this respect he will do anything, including breaking the law leading to a shoplifting offence within several months. Dr Leah Giarrtano who researched the case came to the conclusion and may be quoted as saying â€Å"that he possesses what is known as conduct disorder† where the rights of others are persistently violated a factor of great significance. Skaf’s situation was exacerbated when he became so unruly that his parents sent him to his home country of Lebanon for several months in hopes he would become more disciplined but this is likely not the case. It can be assumed that women did enjoy the same freedoms within Lebanon as they did in Australia which is a very likely contributing factor for the manner in which Skaf committed his offences with such ease and without remorse. It is likely Skaf came to resent becoming sent to Lebanon and as result he became much more uncontrollable and as result believed he was the one who would ‘lead’ his group of friends in becoming the principal offender of future offenses. Outline the reporting and investigation of the crime: The complainant identified Bilal Skaf  as her principal assailant on February of the following year of the offence (2001). On 15 February 2001 the complainant identified Bilal Skaf in a crowd at Burwood Local Court as Sam’s brother (Sam being the name/alias she knew Mohammed Skaf by). On the day of 13 March 2001 a record of interview was conducted with Bilal Skaf  in relation to the complainant’s allegations. He refused to answer any questions about the matter. However, he later asked to be re-interviewed, and on the day of 3 April 2001 a further record of interview took place. The task force assigned to the offence had by then obtained records of mobile telephone use on the evening of 12 August 2000, which showed a number of calls between the mobile telephones belonging to Bilal and Mohammed  Skaf  within the period leading up to the assaults upon the complainant. Bilal  Skaf  sought to explain at his version of these phone calls, saying that his cousin Ali was using his, Bilal’s phone to talk to Mohammed. He claimed the next day Ali told him that after leaving Bilal’s house, he had gone to Gosling Park in his van and had sex there with a girl in the company of friends. He relied on this alibi at trial. Detective Walsh gave evidence that Ali Skaf was 180 cm tall, different from that of Skaf, and did not have a scar above his left eyebrow (which the complainant had described her assailant as having a scar above his left eyebrow). Ali Skaf’s statement stated he denied ever having gone to Gosling Park or ever had sex with a woman at this park, along with denying he had ever visited Bilal Skaf’s house that night or told him he had had sex with a woman at the park. It is important to add that on 7 December 2000 the complainant was shown a photo board which contained a photo of Ali Skaf. She did not identify anyone from that photo board. His alibi was inconsistent with the evidence of Ali Skaf. Bilal Skaf told police he did not speak to his brother that night at all except to hand over the phone to Ali. Yet telephone records indicated five calls by Bilal Skaf to Mohammed Skaf that night. There was also evidence, contrary to what Bilal Skaf told police, that Ali Skaf did have a mobile phone and that each of them had their respective numbers stored in each other’s phones. Furthermore, the complainant’s description of the offender did not match Ali Skaf. The jury’s verdict shows that it rejected Bilal’s Skaf’s account and version of events. Explain the role of the courts Due to the severity of the offence, and the nature in which the offense was very much in one of the worst categories of sexual assault the offence was heard in the Supreme Court of NSW; with this court constituted under Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW). Obviously the court’s role was to achieve justice for the complainant but it is important, especially in a case of this severity, that the rights of the defendant are not overlooked merely due to the widespread publicity of the case. This became the matter in two occasions: 1. When the belligerent Skaf was granted leave to appeal the sentence passed in the decision of Regina v Bilal Skaf [2006] NSWSC 394 in which those sentences were quashed by the Court of Criminal Appeal (R v Skaf Skaf [2008] NSWCCA 303) reducing his sentence in its entirety (due to his current sentences partially being carried out concurrently with each other) by two years on parole. Outline the role of legal representation The Australian legal system requires a defendant a right to a fair trial which includes for an accused to be provided with adequate legal representation regardless of the accused charges, with which Skaf obtained despite backlash and severity of the charges are perceived by the public. As Bilal Skaf refused to give evidence at every single trial he attended, Mr Peter Zahra SC was counsel for Skaf and questioned on behalf of Skaf. In one example, Mr Zahra on behalf of Bilal Skaf, â€Å"challenged the complainant’s identification of him [Bilal Skaf] as her [complainant] principal assailant† which provided a good basis of defence for Skaf as he was lacking in a steady and supported case due to his alibi being completely inadequate and denied by the jury. Later, as the jury found the defendant Skaf was guilty on all counts, this indicates it found against this issue. Further, as it was looking likely that it would be impossible for Skaf to be acquitted of his charges under any line of argument pursued by the defence the last thing which could be resorted to as a fair trial had been conducted was to argue for the sentence. Skaf’s lawyer Mr Zahra asked Justice Mathews to at least consider the lengthy sentence already being served by Skaf and take into account the circumstances of which Skaf dwells in â€Å"very dangerous† conditions in prisons as a supposed loner – when deciding upon his sentence for the August 12, 2000 sexual assaults. Identify the plea: Not guilty. Discuss the factors that affect the sentencing decision A range of factors were taken into serious consideration for the jury when deciding upon their verdict for the events of the night of 12 August, 2000. Firstly, it must be stated that the jury had to be sure to disregard previous convictions for rapes on the 10th and 30th of same months of the rape offence being tried as this would be regarded as grossly unjust in forming a decision and those facts are up to the Judge to use for the penalty decision not sentencing decision. Secondly, an external factor which is established and even exacerbates the decision the jurors make is that of how well society the public as well as the media will treat the sentence; this being a major factor as it is courts responsibility to punish offenders accordingly to the seriousness of the crime and meeting society’s needs while also treating it justly. Judges must explicitly state that jurors are to abide by their oath and so is the circumstance in this case as the judge instructed jurors to confine their consideration to the evidence and facts of the court proceedings with the judge being careful to remind jurors that they are to ignore any publicity. However it can be argued that to what extent this was followed is unknown and some may be doubtful that immense media coverage did not at all influence jurors. The grounds upon which this argument is portrayed was all but removed by the court as was stated   Ã¢â‚¬Å"we accept that in many people’s minds some generalised recollection of the publicity would have continued at the time of the trial, we do not believe it was such to divert a juror from a proper consideration of the evidence. Thirdly, the lack of a willingness to cooperate would not have had a positive influence on the decision of jurors as Skaf refused to cooperate and simply denied his allegations – it can be fairly gathered and argued from this act alone that an innocent person would not forego these means to prove their innocence, this is something that Bilal Skaf simply did not attempt; clearly this fact would have affected the jurors actions and thus the sentencing decision. Explain the penalty given: The primary factors involved in the penalty are the principle of totality being properly imposed, reaching a penalty that satisfies society’s demands so as not to spark media backlash (while could in turn place mistrust in the justice system) as well as meeting the objects of deterrence in the sentence ithout placing a sentence which accumulates to a degree which is so high that it appears overbearingly defeat the purpose of deterrence. Justice Matthews observed â€Å"the present offences are extremely serious, but I could not categorise them as being within the worst category† which affected the penalty decision for the events of 12 August 2000 and did not lead to a full 20 year sentence for both offences. Additionally, when coming to a decision for these circumstance, totality is imperative as characterised in the federal sentencing decision of  Postiglione v The Queen  [1997] HCA 26; (1997)189 CLR 295 as Justice Hughes states: â€Å"the totality principle requires of a judge who is sentencing an offender for a number of offences to ensure that the aggregation of the sentences appropriate for each offence is a  just and appropriate measure of the total criminality involved†. The Court must adjust the prima facie length of the sentences downward in order to achieve an appropriate relativity between the totality of the criminality and the totality of the sentence. This principle is central to an explanation of why this particular sentence was given. As a consequence of this, Justice Matthews noted that given the length of the sentence; it would unfairly impose upon totality if the sentence for Bilal Skaf’s present offences were cumulative upon his already existing sentences. Thus the sentence for the 12 august 2000 was made partially concurrent with Skaf’s present sentence and partially cumulative upon his existing sentences. A stress exists between the principle of totality on the one hand, and, on the other, the need to ensure that a person who deliberately commits a series of separate criminal offences receives sufficient punishment for each of them, partially of course to provide deterrence and partially to satisfy the general public. Skaf’s case, given his existing length sentence he is already serving and the tremendous seriousness of the present offences. With the first factor leaning to a less accumulation of this sentence upon existing while the second factor favours a greater accumulation. Bilal Skaf received his sentence and the first date he will become eligible for release on parole will be 11 February 2033. Bibliography Supreme Court of New South Wales sentencing 28/07/2006. Last Updated: 3 August 2006 http://www. austlii. edu. au/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2006/394. html Supreme Court of New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal Decisions 17 December 2008. Last Updated: 22 December 2008 http://www. austlii. edu. au/au/cases/nsw/NSWCCA/2008/303. html Supreme Court of New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal Decisions, 6/05/2004. Last Updated: 23 April 2008 http://www. austlii. edu. au/au/cases/nsw/NSWCCA/2004/37. html SAMANTHA WILLIAMS. (2005,  September  18). Leniency for rapists wheres the justice  :[2 State Main Country Edition]. The Sunday Mail,p. 53. Retrieved December 4, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. Document ID:  897803791). SAMANTHA WILLIAMS. (2005,  September  17). Scales of injustice making the victims pay  :[1 State Edition]. The Daily Telegraph,p. 23. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. (Document ID:  897418531). Cindy Wockner. (2010,  July  3). We cant forget and well never forgive men who stole our innocence Skaf gang rapes 10 years on. The Daily Telegraph,13. Retrieved December 5, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. (Document ID:  2071800311). Shame on system not the victim  :[2 Extended Metro Edition]. 2005,  February  4). The Daily Telegraph,p. 32. Retrieved December 8, 2010, from ProQuest ANZ Newsstand. (Document ID:  788531171). NSW: Timeline of crimes and trials of Bilal Skaf. (28   July). AAP General News Wire,1. Retrieved December 9, 2010, from Academic Research Library. (Document ID:  1084718171). Criminal Procedure Amendment (Evidence) Bill 2005 2nd reading speeches (2R): http://www. parliament. nsw. gov. au/prod/parlment/nswbills. nsf/d2117e6bba4ab3ebca256e68000a0ae2/2c1150a2ad6e347fca256fb1001c4f0f/$FILE/C1505. pdf